The Excess And Battery Shortage Of Nickel Lithium Which Is Favorite Material For Big Car Companies

Nickel's Lithium Battery Excess And Shortage (Frimfilms-Freepic Image)

YOGYAKARTA - Electric cars are one solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and depend on fossil fuels. So what are the advantages and shortages of nickel lithium batteries?

However, one of the most challenges in the development of electric cars is batteries that can store power effectively, safely, and cheaply. 2 types of batteries that are currently competing in the electric car market, namely nickel-based batteries (NCA/NMC) and lithium ferro phosphate (LFP)-based batteries.

nickel-based batteries have an advantage in terms of energy density, namely the expertise to store energy in small spaces. This allows nickel-based batteries to provide a longer distance with a lighter dimension and weight.

Not only that, but nickel-based batteries also have faster charging speeds and longer ages than LFP batteries.

However, nickel-based batteries also have several drawbacks, some greater manufacturing costs, limited raw material availability, and higher fire risk.

A nickel-based battery requires nickel and cobalt as the main component of the cathode, which is a very rare and expensive metal.

Not only that, nickel-based batteries are also more sensitive to high temperatures and can experience thermal damage that can cause explosions or fires.

LFP batteries, on the other hand, have advantages in terms of manufacturing budgets, the availability of raw materials, and security. LFP batteries use iron as the main component of the cathode, which is abundant and cheap metal.

LFP batteries are also more resistant to high temperatures and are not flammable or exploding. LFP batteries are also more environmentally friendly because they do not have a risky heavy metal.

However, LFP batteries also have some shortcomings, some kind of lower energy density, slower charging speed, and declining performance in cold weather. LFP batteries require greater space and weight to store the same power as nickel-based batteries.

The LFP battery also takes longer to recharge and can lose up to 60% at temperatures below-10 degrees Celsius. Thus, there is no definite answer about which battery is superior for electric cars. Everything depends on the preferences, needs, and state of the user.

Some electric car manufacturers, such as Tesla, Wuling, and Ford, already use LFP batteries for some of their models, especially those intended for the Chinese market that has large demand and large government incentives.

Meanwhile, some other manufacturers, such as Toyota, Hyundai, and Volkswagen, still use nickel-based batteries for their models. especially those intended for the European and American markets that have strict emission standards and consumers who prioritize performance.

Indonesia Targets To Become The World's Second Largest Lithium Battery Exporter

The Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment, Luhut Binsar Panjaitan, targets Indonesia to be the world's second most exporter of lithium batteries in 2024. For this reason, the government has built an integrated industrial area with added value in Konawe, Morowali and Weda Bay.

"We direct industrial development from upstream to downstream. We make from nickel a derivative for battery litinium and now we explore it," he said via video conference on the Zoom channel, Friday (5/6/2023).

For him, environmentally friendly industries are the government's main focus so that they will continue to be developed in the future. Later, after the pandemic, the mineral and coal downstream zone will be a top priority for improving the development of the national economy which is currently slumping.

In its implementation, Coordinating Minister Luhut emphasized that foreign investors will also be required to carry out technology transfers to Indonesia. This provision is the main requirement that must be met in the investment cooperation scheme in the country.

In addition, you can read the Difference of LFP Batteries and Nickel Batteries' to make it clearer in understanding both.

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