Diskarut Masalah Kesehatan Indonesia Yang Influence Indeks Pembangunan Manusia

JAKARTA Health is one of the important issues that should be the attention of presidential candidates. And, whoever wins the 2024 Presidential Election (Pilpres), he will be faced with a series of homework in the health sector.

This was revealed by the health association and professional organizations in the health sector who are members of the Professional Community and the Health Association (KOMPAK) in a national dialogue with the Indonesian Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates on Indonesia's health development.

On this occasion, the Coordinator of KOMPAK DR. Dr. Moh. Adib Khumaidi, SpOT said focusing on fixing health problems could help improve Indonesia's low Human Development Index (HDI).

"We hope that public health indicators and health problems are currently the main points that will be followed up by the president being elected in one health development effort," said Dr. Dr. Moh. Adib Khumaidi, SpOT, who is also the General Chair of PB IDI, in Jakarta, Tuesday (16/1/2024).

Quoting Kompas, HDI is an indicator that shows development, especially in the development of human resources.

The concept of HDI itself was first initiated by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) through the Human Development Report in 1996. The emergence of HDI is to create an environment that allows people to enjoy a long life, be healthy, and live a productive life.

According to UNDP data, Indonesia is classified as a country with moderate human development or medium human development.

The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) says there are three basic dimensions to measure the HDI level. These dimensions include a long and healthy life, knowledge, and decent life. These three dimensions have a very broad understanding because they are related to many factors, one of which is health.

Especially for measuring the health dimension, life expectancy is used at birth.

"Talking in general there is a problem in the Human Development Index which then has an indicator, namely the death of pregnant women, infant mortality, there is also a problem with stunting," said Dr. Adib when asked by VOI what needs to be the main concern of the president and vice president being elected in the health sector.

Based on data from the World Bank, Indonesia's neonatal infant mortality rate (age 0-28 days) is 11.7 out of 1,000 babies born alive in 2021. That means, there are between 11 and 12 neonatal babies who die from every 1,000 babies born alive.

This figure shows a significant improvement compared to the previous year which was still 12.2 out of 1.000 live babies. Indonesia's neonatal infant mortality rate also shows a downward trend and is always below the world's average in the past decade. For information, the global death rate of neonatal babies is 17 out of 1.000 babies born alive.

However, when compared to countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesia occupies the fifth position from 10 countries with the highest infant mortality. Indonesia's neonatal infant mortality rate is much higher than Singapore, which is only 0.8 out of 1,000 babies born alive in 2021. This means that there is only about 1 neonatal baby who died from 1,000 babies born alive in the Lion Country.

Meanwhile, the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still high. In 2022, the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia will reach 207 per 100,000 live births. The three main causes of maternal mortality are bleeding (30 percent), hypertension in pregnancy or preeclampsia (25 percent) and infection (12 percent).

In addition to the mortality rate for infants and pregnant women, another health problem that also needs attention is stunting. Based on data from the Ministry of Health, Indonesia's stunting prevalence rate is 21.6 percent. However, Indonesia has a target to be achieved, which is 14 percent by 2024. It takes joint efforts to achieve the set target, one of which starts from the smallest unit in society, namely family.

"Stunting can not only be completed by providing only nutritional intake, but stunting is a comprehensive problem that must have economic intervention, educational intervention, family intervention, so that the role of all components of society must be involved in handling stunting problems," said Dr. Adib.

On the same occasion, Presidential Candidate number one Anies Baswedan promised the development of quality access to health to create a just and prosperous Indonesia.

"Our mission is to build quality access to health. One of the ways to get to Indonesia is just prosperous for all," said Anies, who was present virtually.

Anies Baswedan said six strategic agendas in the health sector to realize this step. Among them are strengthening the role of health centers and the community, hospital services, welfare and protection of health workers, health financing, pharmaceutical independence and medical devices, as well as disease control and resilience.

The former governor of DKI Jakarta also explained that the work program in the health sector was carried out by changing the focus of curative health (confession) to the focus of promotive health (enhancing) and preventive (prevention). In addition, the upward and lower instructional approach model will also be replaced with a collaborative and mutual cooperation model that prioritizes democracy.

"The difference of views is to be discussed, it is tiring, but much better than the decision and then debated," he said.

Anies also highlighted the mental health issue in Indonesia that needs attention. He said he wanted to develop people's mental health through certain institutions. The initial step is to hold online psychologists and screening at 23 Puskesmas in Jakarta.

"We started at 23 Puskesmas in Jakarta preparing online psychologists and screening to carry out independent tests on mental health. If there are indications, we can go directly to the Puskesmas," he concluded.

Indonesia is a country with a very wide area. Health has always been a crucial problem that is often underestimated, even though it is in the middle of a political year. In fact, Indonesia's health problems are not only stunting, obesity, malnutrition, and focus on curative or healing.

Indonesia's health problems are so complex, including health workers in disadvantaged and outermost areas who lack attention, lack of incentives, and lack of professions.

That's why, as emphasized by Dr. Adib, the most important thing in making Indonesia's health program is preventive and promotive efforts. In addition, he said that the paradigm that was emphasized to the public was a healthy paradigm, not a sick paradigm.

"Don't let a country with limited capacity be burdened by budget costs but focus only on the problem of the sick, or curatively," he said.