Differences Between Mutlaq And Muqayyad To Understand The Context Of Islamic Law

Differences between mutlaq and muqayad (Freepik)

YOGYAKARTA - In the study of fiqh and ushul fiqh sciences, there are many terms used to understand Islamic laws more deeply. Among the terms that are often used are "mutlaq" and "muqayyad". So what is the understanding and difference between mutlaq and muqayad?

Both have an important role in understanding the arguments of syar'i contained in the Qur'an and hadith. Concisely, mutlaq is a lafaz that shows a meaning in general without certain boundaries. While muqayyad is a lafaz that has an entanglement with a certain limit or condition.

Understanding the differences between mutlaq and muqayyad is very important because it is related to interpreting and implementing sharia laws.

Mutlaq comes from Arabic which literally means "free" or "unbound". In the context of Islamic law, mutlaq refers to a lafaz or a statement that is general in nature and is not limited by certain terms or conditions.

This means that when a nash (the text of the Qur'an or Hadith) uses a lafaz mutlaq, then its meaning applies widely without any restrictions. A simple example of mutlaq can be found in the Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah verse 6, which reads:

"You can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't help it, you can't.

Meaning: And if you're sick or on a trip or one of you comes from where you defecate or you've touched a woman, then you don't get water, then stay with good dust..."

In this verse, the word "water" is used mutlaq. This means that any holy and purifying water can be used to perform ablution, without any specific type or water sources.

Muqayyad is the opposite of mutlaq. This term comes from Arabic which means "bounded" or "constrained". In the context of Islamic law, muqayyad refers to a lafaz or statement that is limited by certain terms, conditions, or properties.

This means that the meaning of lafaz muqayyad does not apply in general, but only in certain contexts that have been determined. Examples of muqayyad can be found in the Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah verse 38, which reads:

"You can't believe it, why don't you think about it? Let's talk about it. Let's take care of it. Let's take care of it. Let's take care of it," he said.

Meaning: "Men who steal and women who steal, cut off their hands (as) retaliation for what they did and as torture from Allah..."

In this verse, the word "hand" is used by muqayyad. This means that hand cutting is only done on certain parts (hand wrist) and does not apply to all hands. This shows there are limits in the application of the law.

After understanding the meaning of mutlaq and muqayyad, here are some of the fundamental differences between the two:

Such is the review of the differences between mutlaq and muqayyad which is important for Muslims to understand. Both terms play an important role in interpreting and implementing Islamic law. Also read the law of studying tajwid.

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