JAKARTA - The public was made excited after allegations emerged that former President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) had symptoms resembling wary syndrome-Johnson, a rare but dangerous medical condition.
Although there has been no official statement yet, a striking change in his facial skin has sparked speculation and concerns among netizens regarding the potential threat of this disease.
This disease is not an ordinary skin disorder. In many cases, the damage can spread from the surface of the skin to vital organs, so it is considered very serious and at high risk. Then, what exactly is trauma syndrome-Johnson?
Reporting from the Mayo Clinic page, trauma syndrome-Johnson (SJS) is a rare and serious disorder in the skin and mucus membranes. This condition is usually a reaction to drugs, which start with flu-like symptoms, followed by a painful rash, spread, and moisturizing. The upper layer of the affected skin then dies, peels, and begins to heal in a few days.
force-Johnson syndrome is a medical emergency that usually requires hospital treatment. Treatment focuses on removing the cause, treating wounds, controlling pain, and minimizing complications as the skin grows again. The recovery process could take weeks to months.
A more severe form of this condition is called toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which involves more than 30% of the skin's surface and extensive damage to mucus membranes. If this condition is caused by drugs, you should avoid these drugs and similar drugs for life.
Symptoms
One to three days before the rash appears, you may experience early signs of trauma-Johnson syndrome, including fever, mouth and throat pain, fatigue, and hot or burning eyes.
When conditions develop, other symptoms that can appear include:
- Skin pain spreads without a clear cause
- Dispersal red or purple ruam
- Leaks on the skin and mucus membranes on the mouth, nose, eyes, and genitals
- Peeling of the skin a few days after lepahan is formed
ciplin syndrome-Johnson requires immediate medical attention. Seek emergency medical assistance if you experience these symptoms. Reactions from drugs can occur during use or up to two weeks after termination.
Cause
force-Johnson syndrome is a rare and unpredictable disease. Your doctor may not be able to identify the exact cause, but this condition is usually triggered by drugs, infections, or both. Reactions can occur during drug use or up to two weeks after stopping using them.
Drugs that can cause SJS include:
- Gout medicine, such as allopurinol
- Medicines of seizures and mental disorders (anticinvulsan and antipsychotics)
- Sulfonamid antibacterial (including sulfasarazin)
- Nevirapine (Viramune, Viramune XR)
- Pain relievers such as acetaminofen (paracematol), ibuprofen, and naproxen sodium
- Infections that can trigger SJS include pneumonia and HIV.
Risk Factors
Several factors that can increase the risk of getting Goody-Johnson syndrome include:
- HIV infection. People with HIV have a 100 times greater chance of experiencing SJS than the general population.
- Weak immune system. Can be caused by organ transplantation, HIV/AIDS, and autoimmune disease.
- Cancer. Especially blood cancer, increases the risk of developing SJS.
- SJS's personal history. If you have experienced SJS due to certain drugs, you are at risk of experiencing them again if you use the same drug.
- SJS family history. If blood relatives have experienced SJS, you may also have a higher risk.
- Genetic factors. Certain genetic variations increase the risk of SJS, especially if you take seizure drugs, gout drugs, or mental disorders drugs.
Complications
Complications ofbury-Johnson syndrome can include:
- Dehydration
Areas of peeling skin lose fluids. Wounds on the mouth and throat also make it difficult to consume fluids.
- Blood infection (sepsis)
Bacteria from infection can enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, causing life-threatening conditions that can cause organ shock and failure.
- Eye problem
Ruam can cause inflammation of the eyes, dry eyes, and sensitivity to light. In severe cases, it can cause visual impairment or blindness.
- Lung involvement
It can cause acute respiratory failure, where the lungs are unable to supply enough oxygen to the blood.
- Permanent skin damage
Setelah kulit tumbuh kembali, mungkin muncul lumpus, perubahan warna kulit (disigmentasi), luka luka, rambut rontok, serta pertumbuhan kuku jari dan kaki yang tidak normal.
Prevention
- Consider genetic testing before taking certain drugs. The FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) recommends HLA-B1502 genetic screening for people of Asian descent before taking certain drugs.
- Avoid trigger drugs if you have had SJS. If your doctor has confirmed that your SJS is caused by certain drugs, avoid these drugs and similar drugs. Avoiding them is very important because recovery is usually more severe and can be fatal.
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- Your close relatives should also avoid the drug, because this condition can be lowered in the family.
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