Sudewo's Impeachment Determined Political Consolidation And Public Pressure

The Pati community demonstration that urged the Regent of Sudewo to resign because it raised the PBB. (Photo: ANTARA)

JAKARTA – Pakar hukum tata negara UPN Veteran Jakarta, Wicipto Setiadi menyebut bila wacana pemakzulan Bupati Pati, Sudewo bukan sekadar isu hukum tapi juga kental dengan nuansa politik.

Karena itu, proses pemakzulan akan ditentukan oleh kekuatan bukti, konsolidasi politik di DPRD dan tekanan publik.

Dia menjelaskan, pemakzulan kepala daerah di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2018 tentang Pedoman Penyusunan Tata Tertib Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) Provinsi, Kabupaten, dan Kota.

Pemakzulan kepala daerah harus memenuhi sejumlah syarat, semisal adanya pelanggaran hukum (pidana, korupsi, atau pelanggaran berat lainnya), pelanggaran sumpah/janji jabatan, letidakmampuan menjalankan pemerintahan, dan konflik politik yang berujung pada mosi tidak percaya dari DPRD.

“Kalau wacana itu bergulir terus tanpa ada dasar hukum yang kuat, pemakzulan justru akan menjadi bumerang politik bagi para pengusul. Kunci keberhasilan bukan hanya bukti hukum yang kuat, tapi juga kemampuan mengelola persepsi publik dan menjaga soliditas politik,” ujarnya, Minggu 17 Agustus 2025.

Menurut Cipto, ada dua dimensi terkait situasi yang dialami Sudewo, yakni politik dan hukum. Situasi politik terlihat peta koalisi di DPRD Pati. Saat maju di Pilbup Pati 2024, Sudewo yang berpasangan dengan Risma Ardhi Chandra diusung oleh empat partai politik, yakni Partai Gerindra, Partai Nasdem, Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB), dan Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI).

Pasangan tersebut berkompetisi dengan Wahyu Indriyanto-Suharyono yang diusung PDI Perjuangan dan Budiyono-Novi Eko Yulianto yang dicalonkan PPP. “Bila parpol pendukung bupati pecah atau berpindah posisi ke oposisi, maka peluang pemakzulan meningkat,” imbuhnya.

Selain peta politik, pemakzulan juga bisa sukses jika tekanan publik kuat. Di sisi lain, Sudewo juga bisa menggugat jika dimakzulkan. “Ketika bupati merasa proses politis lebih dominan daripada fakta hukum, bisa mengajukan perlawanan hukum atau judicial review,” ungkap Cipto.

Sebab, bila merujuk pada isi UU Pemda, alur pemakzulan berangkat dari usulan DPRD dengan minimal 2/3 anggota DPRD hadir dan setidaknya 2/3 dari yang hadir setuju pemakzulan. Pada tahap berikutnya, DPRD meminta Mahkamah Agung (MA) memeriksa apakah pelanggaran yang dilakukan kepala daerah terbukti.

Jika MA menguatkan pemakzulan kepala daerah, DPRD menyampaikan usulan itu ke Presiden untuk posisi gubernur atau Menteri Dalam Negeri untuk bupati dan wali kota.

Setelah itu, Menteri Dalam Negeri mengeluarkan keputusan pemberhentian.

“Artinya, wacana ini bukan proses cepat dan butuh dasar hukum yang kuat,” tegas Cipto.

Seperti diketahui, kebijakan Bupati Pati, Sudewo, yang menaikkan tarif Nilai Jual Objek Pajak (NJOP) dan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB) hingga 250 persen menimbulkan penolakan dan aksi unjuk rasa besar oleh masyarakat Pati yang mendesak Sudewo mengundurkan diri.

Kebijakan itu akhirnya juga berujung pada bergulirnya wacana pemakzulan Sudewo di DPRD Pati.

Menteri Dalam Negeri Tito Karnavian turut mengimbau warga mengikuti prosedur resmi jika ingin memakzulkan Sudewo.

Sebab, DPRD sudah membentuk panitia khusus (pansus) untuk membahas pemakzulan Sudewo.

“Saya dengar sudah membuat pansus, ya sudah kita ikuti saja itu. Tapi, jaga situasi kondusif. Ingat, aturan soal kenaikan PBB-P2 sudah dicabut,” katanya.

JAKARTA State law expert UPN Veteran Jakarta, Wicipto Setiadi said that the discourse on impeaching the Regent of Pati, Sudewo is not only a legal issue but also thick with political nuances.

Therefore, the impeachment process will be determined by the strength of evidence, political consolidation in the DPRD and public pressure.

He explained that the impeachment of regional heads in Indonesia is regulated in Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government and Government Regulation Number 12 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Order of the Provincial, Regency, and City Regional House of Representatives (DPRD).

The impeachment of regional heads must meet a number of conditions, such as violations of the law (victims, corruption, or other serious violations), violations of oaths/official promises, inability to run the government, and political conflicts that lead to distrust from the DPRD.

If the discourse continues without a strong legal basis, impeachment will actually backfire politically for the proposers. The key to success is not only strong legal evidence, but also the ability to manage public perceptions and maintain political solidity," he said, Sunday, August 17, 2025.

According to Cipto, there are two dimensions related to the situation experienced by Sudewo, namely politics and law. A political situation can be seen as a map of the coalition in the Pati DPRD. When advancing in the 2024 Pati Pilbup, Sudewo, who was paired with Risma Ardhi Chandra, was promoted by four political parties, namely the Gerindra Party, the Nasdem Party, the National Awakening Party (PKB), and the Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI).

The pair competed with Wahyu Indriyanto-Suharyono who was promoted by the PDI-P and Budiyono-Novi Eko Yulianto who was nominated by PPP. "If the political parties supporting the regent break up or change positions to opposition, the opportunity for impeachment will increase," he added.

In addition to the political map, impeachment can also be successful if public pressure is strong. On the other hand, Sudewo can also sue if impeached. "When the regent feels that the political process is more dominant than legal facts, he can file a legal resistance or judicial review," said Cipto.

Because, when referring to the contents of the Regional Government Law, the impeachment flow departs from the DPRD proposal with a minimum of 2/3 DPRD members present and at least 2/3 of those present agree to impeachment. In the next stage, the DPRD asked the Supreme Court (MA) to check whether the violations committed by the regional head were proven.

If the Supreme Court strengthens the impeachment of regional heads, the DPRD submits the proposal to the President for the position of governor or Minister of Home Affairs for regents and mayors.

After that, the Minister of Home Affairs issued a dismissal decision.

"This means that this discourse is not a fast process and requires a strong legal basis," said Cipto.

As is known, the policy of the Regent of Pati, Sudewo, which increases the Tax Object Selling Rate (NJOP) and Land and Building Tax (PBB) by up to 250 percent caused large rejections and demonstrations by the people of Pati who urged Sudewo to resign.

The policy eventually led to the discourse of Sudewo's impeachment at the Pati DPRD.

Menteri Dalam Negeri Tito Karnavian turut mengimbau warga mengikuti prosedur resmi jika ingin memakzulkan Sudewo.

Sebab, DPRD sudah membentuk panitia khusus (pansus) untuk membahas pemakzulan Sudewo.

“Saya dengar sudah membuat pansus, ya sudah kita ikuti saja itu. Tapi, jaga situasi kondusif. Ingat, aturan soal kenaikan PBB-P2 sudah dicabut,” katanya.

Minister of Home Affairs Tito Karnavian also appealed to residents to follow official procedures if they wanted to impeach Sudewo.

This is because the DPRD has formed a special committee (pansus) to discuss Sudewo's impeachment.

"I heard that we have made a special committee, so we have just followed it. But, keep the situation conducive. Remember, the rules regarding the increase in PBB-P2 have been revoked," he said.