YOGYAKARTA - Humans are social beings who need each other. In everyday life, humans cannot live alone without the help of others. One of the most common forms of business is the activity of paying someone for the services they provide.
In Islamic jurisprudence, the payment of wages is known as ujrah, which is the payment of remuneration for work or benefits provided by someone. The following will discuss further about what is ujrah, its legal basis, to its rukun and conditions in Islam.
What is Ujrah?Wages in Arabic are known as al-ujrah, which comes from the word al-ajru which means al-iwad or replacement. In other words, ujrah refers to the reward or payment given as compensation for a certain job or benefit.
Reported from the journal Wages in Islamic Perspective by H. Ahmad Lutfi and Efriadi, there are several definitions of wages that can be used as a reference to understand its limits and concepts. Idris Ahmad argues that wages are taking the benefits of other people's labor by giving compensation according to certain conditions.
Meanwhile, Nurimansyah Haribuan defined wages as all forms of income received by workers (workers) in the form of money or goods for a certain period of time in an economic activity.
In the context of Islamic law, ujrah is the payment received by a worker while he is performing the agreed work. Islam teaches that wages should be given on time after the work is completed. The employer pays the wages immediately and the worker provides the best service.
The payment of wages in Islam is based on an agreement or labor contract that binds both parties. This agreement gives birth to a relationship that contains rights and obligations between workers and employers. The determination of wages must be commensurate with the efforts, benefits, and needs of workers.
Ujrah Legal Basis
The legal basis of alms in Islam is derived from the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. One of them is QS. Az-Zukhruf verse 32 which explains that Allah is the one who distributes sustenance and arranges human life.
Do they who distribute the mercy of your Lord? We have appointed for them their lives in the worldly life, and have raised some of them above others in degrees, that some of them may employ others. But the mercy of your Lord is better than what they amass. (Al-Zukhruf: 32)
The above verse explains that some people have more ability in wealth, knowledge, or power than others. This difference allows people to work together to meet their needs. Therefore, the practice of wage-to-wage is part of the system of life that God has established for the good of man.
In addition, the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW narrated by Ibnu Majah: "Give a worker his wages before his sweat dries."
Rukun and Conditions of Ujrah
Rukun ujrah is the main element that must exist for the ujrah contract to be valid according to sharia. There are four rukun in the ujrah transaction, namely:
There are 2 people who have a contract. There is a sighat (ijab and qabul). There is a rental or reward. There is a benefit.In addition to the rukun, there are eight conditions for ujrah that must be met in the ujrah transaction, namely:
Balig and berakal. The parties to the contract are willing and without coercion in making the contract. The benefits that are the object of the contract must be clearly known. The object of the contract is not defective and can be handed over and used directly. The object of the contract is something that is halal. The object of the contract is something that is rented. The rent or rent in the ujrah must be clear, specific, and something that has economic value.By fulfilling these requirements and conditions, the ujrah contract can provide legal certainty and justice for both parties. Islam wants healthy cooperation and mutual benefit in every transaction.
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