Diabetes mellitus is not just a problem of "high blood sugar". This chronic metabolic disease occurs because the body is unable to produce or use insulin optimally. Dr. Wirawan Hambali, Sp.P.D, FINASIM, internal disease specialist, explained that diabetics are divided into four main classifications with different characteristics.
1. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Absolute Insulin Deficiency In this type, the body is completely unable to produce insulin due to damage to beta cells in the pancreas.
Causes: Generally due to autoimmune disease or idiopathic factors (unknown cause).
Characteristic: Often appears at a young age and sufferers tend to have a thin body posture.
2. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Insulin Resistance This is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for about 95% of total cases in the world.
Causes: It occurs because the body's cells are insensitive to insulin (resistance), which is exacerbated by an unhealthy lifestyle.
Characteristic: Generally suffered by those who are overweight or obese. The fatter a person is, the higher the risk of the body becoming resistant to insulin.
3. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus This type of diabetes appears specifically during pregnancy.
Condition: Diagnosed in pregnant women who previously had no history of diabetes.
The Importance of Detection: This condition needs to be closely monitored so as not to cause complications for both mother and fetus during the delivery process.
4. Specific Type Diabetes (Other Causes) This type is less common and is usually triggered by external factors or certain medical conditions, such as:
Monogenic syndromes: genetic disorders of pancreatic function.
Exocrine diseases: direct disorders of the pancreatic organs.
Drug Side Effects: Use of certain chemicals such as glucocorticoids, HIV/AIDS therapy drugs, or drugs after organ transplantation.
Dr. Wirawan emphasized that diabetes does not know age or gender limits. Understanding this classification is very important so that we are more alert to the early symptoms and risk factors that exist in ourselves and our families.
"Diabetes can strike anyone. Maintaining an ideal body weight and monitoring your diet are the main preventive measures, especially for type 2," concluded the doctor who practices at Pondok Indah-Puri Indah Hospital, quoted from ANTARA.
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