Asperger Syndrome: Know Symptoms, Causes, And How To Handle It

Illustration of boys (Photo: Freepik/Freepik)

JAKARTA - Asperger syndrome is a form of developmental disorder that is included in the autism spectrum (Autism Spectrum Disorder/ASD).

Although this term is no longer officially used in the medical world, many people still know it because it used to be one of the most frequently given diagnostics to individuals with mild autism.

People with Asperger Syndrome usually have normal intelligence or above average, but experience difficulties in social interaction and tend to have very specific interests.

Symptoms

Reporting from the WebMD page, Asperger symptoms usually appear since children, generally between the ages of 5 and 9, although some have only been detected as adults. Each individual can have different symptoms, but in general it can be grouped into three aspects, namely social, communication, and behavior.

1. Social difficulties

People with Asperger Syndrome often have difficulty making friends or understanding unwritten social rules. They can look awkward and feel uncomfortable when interacting with other people.

In addition, they may be less sensitive to the feelings of those around them and do not always show facial expressions or body language that are in accordance with social situations.

2. Differences in communication

In terms of communication, people with Asperger Syndrome tend to have a distinctive difference. They often talk at length about a topic they really like without paying attention to whether the interlocutor is interested or not.

Their speech tones also often sound flat or monotonous, making it difficult to express emotions through voice. In addition, they usually have difficulty understanding other people's faces, jokes, or expressions that make social communication a challenge in itself.

3. Typical Behavioral and Interest Patterns

People with Asperger Syndrome also often show distinctive patterns of behavior and interest. They can be obsessed with certain things or activities that ignore other things. Changes in their daily routine are usually disliked and can make them feel restless or uncomfortable.

In addition, they may perform repeated movements such as shaking their hands or tapping their fingers as a form of response to stress or excessive stimulation. They also tend to be sensitive to sensory stimulation, such as loud noise, bright light, or certain touch.

In adults, Asperger's symptoms can be more subtle, such as difficulty adapting to the work environment, difficulty reading social situations, or too focused on one job or hobby.

Cause

Until now, the exact cause of Asperger Syndrome is not yet known. However, experts believe that the combination of genetic and environmental factors plays a major role.

Some possible causes include:

- Genetic factors

Family history with autism or other neurological development disorders can increase risks.

- Brain development

There are differences in the structure and workings of the brain, especially parts that regulate communication and social interactions.

- gestational factors

Infections, exposure to harmful chemicals, or complications during pregnancy can affect the development of the fetal brain.

Although many studies have been carried out, Asperger Syndrome is not caused by parenting for parents, food, or vaccines, as some myths have circulated.

How To Diagnose Asperger Syndrome

Since 2013, Asperger Syndrome has been officially categorized into the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This means that the current diagnosis no longer mentions 'Asperger', but 'autism with mild support needs'.

Diagnosis is performed by a team of experts who usually consist of psychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologs. Evaluation includes interviews, behavioral observations, as well as social and communication ability tests.

Adults who have just realized their symptoms can also undergo an evaluation to find out if they are included in the autism spectrum.

How To Handle It

There is no specific drug to cure Asperger, but various therapies and support can help individuals adapt and develop their potential.

Here are some forms of general handling carried out:

1. Speech and Language Therapy

Help improve communication capabilities, understand facial expressions, voice tones, and how to speak in two directions.

2. Behavioral Therapy (Behavior Therapy)

Teach appropriate ways of behavior in social situations, as well as develop positive habits in everyday life.

3. Cognitive-Perlaku Therapy (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/CBT)

Aiming to help manage emotions, reduce anxiety, and improve social skills.

4. Educational and Social Support

Special education programs or school assistance can help children understand lessons according to their learning style.

5. Family Therapy and Parental Education

Parents learn how to understand their children's behavior and provide effective support at home.

6. Medicines

While there is no cure for Asperger, doctors can prescribe drugs to treat additional symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or hyperactivity.