YOGYAKARTA - Each plant can experience a different growth rate, even in almost the same environmental conditions. For those of you who are planning or will plant a plant, it is very important to know the factors that affect plant growth.
Maybe you've found or experienced it yourself, there are plants that grow normally and some are slow or less optimal. Plant growth not only depends on one factor, but is influenced by a number of factors, both from within the plant itself and from its environment.
Understanding these factors is very important for anyone who wants to be successful in farming, both on a small scale like in the home page, as well as on a large scale like in plantations. Let's understand the factors that affect plant growth both internally and externally.
Growth of plants influenced by internal factors is related to the natural nature of the plant itself. Here are some of the important internal factors in plant growth:
Each plant has genetic characteristics inherited from its parent. It is this genetics that determines various basic plant properties such as maximum size, flower color, leaf shape, flowering time, and resistance to disease.
Excellent genetic plants usually grow faster, are more resistant to bad conditions, and are able to produce better crops than plants with ordinary genetics.
Plant hormone or fitohormon also plays an important role in the growth process. Some hormones such as aucine, cytokine, giberelin, ethylene, and abgahant acid regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. For example, aucine plays a role in cell distancing, while cytokines encourage cell division.
Plant growth is also influenced by plant phase or age. Each phase of life, ranging from seeds, sprouts, young plants, to mature plants, has different needs and characteristics of growth.
Apart from internal factors, there are also external factors that come from the environment around plants. This external factor is usually easier for humans to regulate to optimize plant growth.
Sunlight is the main energy source for plants through photosynthetic processes. The intensity, quality, and duration of light greatly affect growth. Plants that get enough light are usually healthier and develop optimally.
On the other hand, lack of light can cause plants to become dwarfs, weak, or experience eiolation (experiencing abnormal growth).
Water serves as a nutrition solvent and is also important for the process of photosynthesis and plant metabolism. Plants require sufficient and regular amounts of water. Lack of water can cause plants to wither and die, while excess water can cause roots to rot.
Each plant has an ideal temperature range for its growth. Temperatures that are too low can slow plant metabolism. Meanwhile, overly high temperatures can damage plant tissue. Therefore, the selection of planting times and locations based on temperature is very important to ensure the success of plant growth.
Plants require macro nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and micro nutrients (such as iron, manganese, zinc) to grow properly. Fertile and nutrient-rich soil will greatly support plant growth. In addition, proper fertilizer administration also helps meet the nutritional needs of plants.
Availability of air containing oxygen and carbon dioxide is also important. Oxygen is needed by the roots for respiration, while carbon dioxide is used in the photosynthesis process. Soil that is too dense or inundated can inhibit gas exchange in the ground, which in turn will inhibit plant growth.
The level of acidity or soil pH affects the ability of plants to absorb nutrients. Each type of plant has a certain ideal pH range. Soil that is too acidic or too baseable can inhibit the absorption of important nutrients.
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Such are the reviews regarding factors that affect plant growth both internally and externally. With proper attention to all these factors, you can produce plants that grow healthy, productive, and beautiful. Also read how to care for ornamental plants so they don't rot easily.
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