From Gen To Drugs: Tracing Phases Of Plasmid Technology To Produce Insulin

Diabetes is a global challenge, and the solution lies in biotechnology. Let's explore in detail the stages of plasmid technology to produce human insulin which is very important for millions of patients around the world.

This genetic engineering process turns ordinary bacteria into insulin factories. In this article, you will understand every scientific step from gene cloning to final products that are ready to be injected.

Before stepping into the main process, we need to understand two important components, namely Plasmid and Gen Insulin Manusia. Reporting from the Monash University page, here are some important explanations:

Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules found in bacteria, acting as gene vectors. Meanwhile, Human Insulin Gen is a segment of DNA that carries instructions for making insulin proteins.

Also read the article that discusses Revealed! Quick Secrets Behind The Mechanism For Disposal Of Body Faculty Impulsion

This process is a fundamental stage, namely combining the desired DNA (insulin gen) with the plasmid chosen to form a new genetic tool (Plasmid Recombinan). Here are the key steps:

Choosing a Human Insulin Gen (DNA that is in demand) and choosing a Plasmid Vector. This plasma must contain Origin of Replication (in order to double itself) and Selectable Marker (a marker usually in the form of an antibiotic resistance gene).

Using the Restriksi Enzim to cut DNA of insulin and plasmid genes in specific sequences. This cut results in a complementary "sticky ends" in order to pair up with each other.

The DNA fragments of the insulin and plasmid genes that have been cut are mixed in the reaction tube.

Liase DNA enzymes are added to compactify insulin gene fragments into plasmids. This process forms a strong covalent bond (phosphodiester bonds), and a plasmid recombinant is born.

After the recombinant plasmid is formed, the next step is to put it in the host cell (usually E. coli bacteria). This process is called Transformation.

However, not all bacteria will take this plasmid, therefore this technique requires special treatment, including:

Bacteria are mixed with DNA and then briefly subject to an increase in sudden temperature. This creates a small opening on the membrane of bacterial cells, allowing recombinant plasmids to enter.

Bacteria are subject to a short electrical spike. This electricity disturbs the temporary cell membrane, making it easier for plasmids to enter.

Cells are treated with chemicals (like calcium chloride) to make their cell membranes more permeable.

Because not all bacteria have succeeded in transforming, scientists need to identify and choose only bacteria that have managed to retrieve the correct recombinant plasmid.

This is done by utilizing the selectable marker in the plasmid, namely the antibiotic resistance gene (for example, ampisilin resistance) by using Antibiotics,

The trick, bacteria that have been transformed are grown in the medium so that they contain antibiotics. Only bacteria that manage to take plasmid (and gene resistance) will survive and grow into a colony.

After the successfully transformed cells are identified, these bacteria are processed to produce insulin, using the method:

In addition to discussing the stages of plasmid technology to produce insulin, follow other interesting articles on VOI, to get updated news, don't forget to follow and monitor all of our social media accounts!