The Requirements For Establishing A Country, Not Only For Regions And Residents

YOGYAKARTA - A country has legal power or a certain region. The existence of the state is not only the result of a group of people's agreement, but must meet certain requirements to be recognized for their existence, both nationally and internationally. If these conditions are not met then an area cannot be called a country.

In state science, there are four conditions that must be met so that a country can stand up and its existence is fulfilled. The four conditions are permanent residents, permanent territories, sovereign government, and recognition from other countries. Here's the explanation.

The existence of the population remains very important because they are the main subjects of a country. Permanent residents are a group of people or people who live in a country's territory.

Without the population, a wikayah cannot be called a country because no one carries out social, economic and political life in it. In general, the population is divided into two categories, namely citizens and not citizens.

Citizens have legal ties and obligations to their country, such as paying taxes, obeying the law, and participating in maintaining the security and progress of the country. Meanwhile, non-citizens are foreigners or immigrants who are only bound by law while living in the region.

The importance of the population remains also related to the identity of a country. Permanent residents who maintain the culture, language, traditions, and values that form the character of the nation.

Apart from the population, the state must have a clear and permanent territory. The region is a place where people's lives and government take place, as well as a limit to the power of a country.

Without permanent territory, the state has no place to set the law, regulate people's lives, or defend their sovereignty. In general, the territory of the country includes land, oceans, air, and extra-territorial areas.

The mainland area is the main part where the people live and government is carried out. Land boundaries are usually determined through agreements, laws, or international decisions.

Apart from mainland areas, the state also has marine territory. Based on the International Marine Law Conference, the country's oceans include territorial seas, additional zones, exclusive economic zones (EEZ), and continental runways.

Meanwhile, airspace includes airspace above the mainland and the country's oceans. This air sovereignty is protected by international law to prevent violations by foreigners.

Not only that, but the state also has so-called extra-territorial territory. This region is beyond geographical limits but according to international law it is still recognized to be under the rule of the country.

Another absolute requirement is the existence of a sovereign government. The government here means that the party who holds the highest power in regulating the country and is recognized by its people.

Government functions to run the wheels of the country, establish policies, enforce the law, and protect the people. Sovereignty of government can be seen from the two sis, namely sovereignty into and outside sovereignty.

Sovereignty inside is that the government has full authority to regulate domestic life without interference from outsiders. Meanwhile, outside sovereignty, namely the government, has the right to represent the country in international relations.

Recognition from other countries is not an absolute requirement for the establishment of a country, but has an important role so that a country can participate in international interactions. Without recognition, the country will find it difficult to establish diplomatic, trade, or global relations.

This admission is divided into two, namely de facto and de jure recognition. De facto recognition, namely the recognition that the country has met the three main requirements above. Meanwhile, de jure recognition is an official recognition from other countries based on international law regarding the existence of a new country.

Understanding these conditions helps us see that the existence of a country is not only a geographical issue, but also related to aspects of law, politics, social, and international relations.