タリバンを変えた20年:アフガニスタンはどのようなものになるのか?

JAKARTA - The Taliban managed to control Afghanistan. Various speculations about the future of Afghanistan emerged. What would Afghanistan be like under the Taliban? Is it time to change the Taliban? Concerns for Afghan women also strengthened, given the bitter precedent that befell women's lives in the long period of the Taliban regime from 1996-2001. We explored the possibilities.

Afghan President Ashraf Ghani has left his country and people. It is not known exactly where he went. But Afghanistan's leading media group, Tolo News, said Ashraf Ghani had gone to Tajikistan. Ashraf Ghani has also acknowledged the Taliban's victory and declared the Taliban's responsibility for Afghanistan's future.

"The Taliban have won by the judgment of their swords and weapons, and are now responsible for the honor, property and self-defense of their citizens," Ghani said in a statement posted to Facebook citing CNA.

"They are now facing a new historical test. Either they will defend the name and honor of Afghanistan or they will prioritize other places and networks," he added, saying he was leaving to prevent a "flood of bloodshed."

Afghans said they were disappointed with Ashraf Ghani's attitude. Hundreds of thousands are now displaced. According to Stephane Dujarric, spokesman for the Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) Antonio Guterres, 390,000 Afghans have fled for shelter. This is a big jump in the movement of people since May. Many refugees live in the open.

"Despite the deteriorating security situation, humanitarian agencies remained on site and delivered aid to people in need, which numbered 7.8 million people in the first six months of this year," Dujarric said. August.

Regarding refugees, 40 Afghans died at Kabul Airport when they were about to board a military plane that was about to take off. Residents hope to leave Afghanistan. Another Tolo News report said three people fell from a plane that was flying at high altitude. They are people who can't get into the fuselage and ride on the wheels.

Three Kabul residents who were trying to leave the country by hiding next to the tire or wing of an American plane, fell on the rooftop of local people. They lost their lives due to the terrible conditions in Kabul. pic.twitter.com/Cj7xXE4vbx

— Tariq Majidi (@TariqMajidi) August 16, 2021

Through Dujarric, Guterres also expressed concern over the fate of women and children in Afghanistan. Dujarric said: "There continue to be reports of serious human rights violations and abuses in the communities most affected by the fighting. Gutteres is deeply concerned about the future of women and children, whose rights must be protected."

Nobel Peace Prize-winning activist Malala Yousafzai also spoke about the fate of Afghans under the Taliban. Yousafzai called on world leaders, including US President Joe Biden, to take immediate action to prevent more human rights violations, especially those experienced by Afghan women. In 2012 Yousafzai was shot by the Taliban for campaigning for women's education.

“This is actually an urgent humanitarian crisis right now so we need to give our help and support... I had the opportunity to speak to several activists in Afghanistan, including women's rights activists. And they expressed concern and despair, how they were not sure what their life would be like," Yousafzai told BBC Newsnight.

Tuesday, August 17, the main spokesman for the Taliban, Zabihullah Mujahid made a number of promises to Afghans, especially women. The Taliban have promised to pardon soldiers and members of the old US-backed government and allies. The Taliban also promised amnesty for soldiers, contractors and translators working for international forces.

Mujahid also asked all Afghans to return home. Mujahid guaranteed their safety. "Nothing will hurt you," he said. Mujahid also mentioned that there is a big difference between the Taliban that the world knew 20 years ago and now. He made several commitments. The press, for example. Mujahid promised independence and freedom to the private mass media.

To women, the Taliban promised respect for women's rights under the framework of Islamic law. According to Mujahid, women will be allowed to work and study. Mujahid also promised to provide opportunities for women to contribute to the state ecosystem. Note, remain within the framework of Islam. "We don't want internal or external enemies," said Mujahid.

To VOI, Wednesday, August 18, terrorism observer, Al Chaidar agreed with the changes that the Taliban had experienced. If in the past the Taliban were attached to the Wahhabi Jihadi ideology, now the Taliban are "transitioning to a Shafi'i Sunni." This can be seen from the actual situation, how the Taliban group recited holy verses and prayed when they entered the Presidential Palace in Kabul.

"When they won, they entered the Palace and then there was the recitation of the holy verses and then also the salawat. And the salawat was the Shafii salawat," said Al Chaidar.

In the process of the last 20 years, according to Al Chaidar, the Taliban also began to abandon terrorist methods. One of them can be seen from how they cut ties with Al Qaeda. The Taliban realized they were building a nation and a civilization. Brutal ways are not a logical path. Even with the characters. Although mostly the same. But many thoughts changed between them.

Just look at how the leader of the Taliban, Abdul Ghani Baradar, chose the path of negotiations with the United States (US) under Trump. "The characters are still old figures. But there have been changes. Abdul Ghani Baradar himself also has an open mind, wants to talk, and makes negotiations with America. There have been seven peace talks," said Al Chaidar.

Afghanistan will not vote for democracy, which is clear. A new government structure is being drawn up by the Taliban's top brass. Taliban spokesman Sohail Shaheen expressed an open position regarding the involvement of Afghan police and army officials under President Ashraf Ghani's administration in the new government. He guaranteed the new government would be inclusive, while still involving non-Taliban Afghans.

"That means other Afghans also have participation in the government," Shaheen said, quoted by CNN, Sunday, August 15.

"I think about an inclusive government in Afghanistan. This is a demand and a desire. This is also for the security of the entire population of Afghanistan," said Shaheen, quoted by AP, Monday, August 16.

Terrorism observer Al Chaidar said the Taliban would adopt the ways and traditions and knowledge of governance that are common in today's world. "There are certain ministries. Not only the finance ministry. Not only the sports ministry. There is also a ministry for women's roles, women's protection, child protection. Then the environment ministry."

Regarding the environment, Al Chaidar called the issue one of the concerns of the Taliban. The basis is the sixth maqashid sharia on the environment, which was adopted from the thoughts of Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, "The conservative ministries still exist but the new ministry, which adapts new ideologies or new state habits, they will accommodate in the new state. the new Afghan government," said Al Chaidar.

Before announcing plans to form a new government, the Taliban was reportedly ready to declare the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan again, according to an anonymous Taliban official. The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is a country that had existed under the Taliban. The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was overthrown by United States (US) troops after the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks.

Interestingly, what will the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan be like in the future? According to Al Chaidar, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan will be a non-democratic republic. The Taliban will adopt a political system without parties. The electoral system will follow a nomocracy system. This means that regional heads and members of parliament -- both at the center and the regions -- will be elected in stages.

"They will not change the Taliban as a political party or a single party like in communism. Those communist countries enforce a single party. But if the Taliban will not enforce a party ... So the election will be a multistage representative election system. That is an election system in a nomocracy who do not use political parties," said Al Chaidar.

Afghanistan will also be a force to be reckoned with in the world, predicts Al Chaidar. According to him Afghanistan under the Taliban will be a unique and relatively new entity. The nomocratic system adopted by Afghanistan will make them different from other Islamic countries that first emerged, such as Iran, for example.

*Read other information about AFGHANISTAN or read other interesting articles from Fauzi Iyabu and Yudhistira Mahabharata.