YOGYAKARTA There are at least four regions in Indonesia that have special autonomy status or get special privileges. The four special autonomous areas are the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the Special Region of the capital city (DKI) of Jakarta, Papua and West Papua, and the Special Region of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam.
For the full explanation, see the following reviews.
4 Special Autonomy Regions in Indonesia
Please note, what is meant by an autonomous area is an area that is given the right, it is the responsibility to be able to take care of its own area.
Compiled with VOI from various sources, Monday, September 26, 2022, the following areas have special autonomy status in Indonesia.
The first region to get privileges from the central government is the Yogyakarta Provision.
The Special Region of Yogyakarta has several differences from other regions. The regional head at the provincial or governor level is held by the Sultan of Yogyakarta who has the throne which in this case is Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X.
Please note, when Japan was expelled from Indonesia, Yogyakarta was an area that was very ready to become an independent country, complete with territory, property, residents and their typical monarchy government system. However, the king of the Ngayogya Sultanate, Hadiningrat, at that time, Sir Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX stated that the area led by NKRI is part of the territory.
The basis for the formation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta is stated in Law no. 9/1995 concerning the Establishment of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This status is a gift from the government for its services and historical background.
In addition to having a special status, DI Yogyakarta also received special funds from the APBN. This year, the amount of special funds given to Yogyakarta was 1.32 trillion. The privileged funds were given in accordance with the mandate of Article 42 of Law no. 13/2012 concerning the Privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
The DIY Special Fund is used to fund certain additional authorities owned by DIY Province in addition to the authority stipulated in the Regional Government Law. The authority is institutions, culture, land, procedures, and procedures for filling positions, positions, duties, and the authority of the Governor and Deputy Governor of DIY.
DKI Jakarta is one of the provinces that has a special autonomous status.
The status grant is based on Law Number 9 of 2007 concerning the Provincial Government of the Special Capital City of Jakarta as the Capital City of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).
However, if President Jokowi issues the Presidential Decree regarding the date for the transfer of the state capital to IKN Nusantara in North Penajam Paser, East Kalimantan, then Jakarta will no longer be the state capital.
DKI Jakarta Province has five administrative cities and one administrative district. Interestingly, the mayor and regent who served in the area were not people who were directly elected by the public through general elections (Pemilu). However, appointed by the Governor of DKI based on the recommendations of the DKI Jakarta Provincial DPRD.
Papua Province has held a special autonomy status for 20 years, or since the enactment of Law Number 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for Papua Province.
Because it has special autonomous status, Papua and West Papua receive special autonomy funds (otsus funds) which are used to accelerate the improvement of regional welfare and economic development.
The Special Autonomy Fund is also used for education and health funding. In 2022, the amount of special autonomy funds given to Papua is IDR 8.5 trillion.
The special autonomy fund is mainly used for education and health funding. In 2015, the special autonomy funds for Papua and West Papua amounted to IDR 4.9 trillion and West Papua IDR 2.1 trillion.
The uniqueness of the government in Papua and West Papua is that they have a state institution that only exists there, namely the Papuan People's Assembly (MRP) and the West Papuan People's Assembly (MRPB). The institution at the provincial level represents the Qualtrals of the Papuan People (OAP).
In 2022, Aceh will receive an autonomy fund of IDR 7.5 trillion. The granting of the funds is in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 6 of 2021 concerning the 2022 State Budget.
The privileges of Aceh as an autonomous region are regulated in the Law on Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh.
Regional regulations issued by the Aceh regional government are called Qanun. The people of Aceh are allowed to punish the adultery perpetrators with a padbuk and can establish local political parties.
The granting of a special status for Aceh is related to the long history of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) demanding independence from the Republic of Indonesia.
The government agreed to peace with GAM after a conflict for 29 years. In conflict resolution in Helsinki, Finland on August 15, 2005, the Indonesian government and GAM agreed that Aceh was given the authority to regulate and implement all public sectors according to the law of Islamic law, except for foreign affairs or relations, monter and fiscal, judicial rule, national security, and religious freedom which are the domains of the Central Government.
That's information about four special autonomous regions in Indonesia. Hopefully it will be useful.
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