Knowing Gagne's Learning Theory: Principles and Types of Learning

Illustration (Photo: Pixabay/Aditiotantra)

YOGYAKARTA - The Gagne learning theory is a learning theory initiated by an educational psychologist from the United States, Robert Mills Gagne. This theory was first introduced in the 1960s.

According to Gagne, learning is a relatively permanent behavioral change resulting from past experiences or from pleasant learning. This thesis makes Gagne one of the most famous educational figures, as well as having a great influence in the field of education and psychology in general.

This article will discuss in depth about Gagne's learning theory which is quite popular among educators. Let's see the explanation!

Knowing Gagne's Learning Theory

In the theory of learning gagne, learning is interpreted as a set of processes that are internal to each individual and are the result of the transformation of stimuli from external events or the environment/conditions of the individual concerned.

To understand these external conditions, Gagne organized the learning process into nine phases which are also known as the nine instructional events of Gagne. These learning stages can be applied by teachers to help the learning process of each student.

Gagne's nine phases of learning outline a sequence of events to improve the quality of the learning process and increase its effectiveness. The nine phases can also help teachers design learning instructions in a structured and systematic manner.

Referring to the book Learning and Motivation Theory by Suciati and Prasetya (2001), the following are the nine phases of learning in Gagne's learning theory:

Draw Attention

Learning begins by getting students interested first. Teachers can open lessons with interesting questions, short stories, pictures, or problems close to everyday life. The goal is simple: get students focused and ready to learn.

Explain the Purpose

After the attention of the students has been successfully drawn, the teacher needs to tell what will be learned that day. By knowing the goal, students can understand the direction of learning and be more motivated to follow the learning activities.

Considering the Previous Lesson

Before entering new material, teachers help students recall the lessons they have mastered. This makes it easier for students to connect new information with old knowledge so that the material feels easier to understand.

Delivering Materials

At this stage, teachers begin to explain the content of the lesson. The material must be delivered in a sequential and not confusing manner. Explanation can be assisted by pictures, videos, stories, or everyday examples so that students can understand faster.

Providing Guidance

Students usually need additional guidance to really understand. Teachers can give examples, illustrations, or tips that help students solve problems. This guidance makes students more confident and not easily confused.

Provide the opportunity to practice

After understanding the material, students must try to practice it. This can be in the form of practice questions, group activities, or short assignments. Practice is very important to strengthen understanding and see if students really understand.

Give Feedback

The teacher then gives feedback on the students' work. Feedback helps students know which parts are correct and which need to be improved. That way, students can learn more effectively.

Assessing Learning Outcomes

Teachers conduct assessments to measure the success of students in understanding the material. The form can be a quiz, test, or assignment. The results of the assessment help teachers see if the learning objectives have been achieved.

Helping Students Remember and Apply Material

The last stage is to ensure that students remember the material for the long term and can apply it in various situations. Teachers can provide additional exercises, short reviews, or examples of application in daily life.

Belahar Type According to Gagne

According to Gagné, there are eight types of learning that develop gradually. Each stage becomes the foundation for the next stage, so students must master one ability before moving to the next level. The focus is on learning outcomes, not the process.

Signal Learning

The most basic stage is understanding simple signs - for example, knowing that a red light means stop.

Learning Stimulus-Response

Students react to something being shown, such as repeating a word or number when looking at the writing.

Learning Behavioral Chains (Chaining)

Combining several responses, for example writing numbers from 1 to 10 in sequence.

Verbal Association

Connecting words and their meanings, such as calling the name of an object or finding a word match in two languages.

Double Discrimination

Learning to distinguish many pieces of information at once, for example reading and making simple graphs.

Learn the Concept

Understand general characteristics such as color, shape, or size.

Learn the Rules

Connecting concepts to rules, such as knowing that water boils at 100°C.

Problem Solving

The highest stage, namely using all knowledge to find a solution to a problem.

With this order, the learning process becomes more directed and facilitates students to develop from basic skills to high-level thinking skills.

This is information about Gagne's learning theory. Hopefully the information above can add to the reader's insight. to get updates on other featured news, keep reading VOI.ID.