Gum Inflammation in Pregnant Women Can Affect Fetal Health? Here's an Explanation from an Expert

Illustration of a pregnant woman. (Freepik)

JAKARTA - Inflammation in the gums must be very careful, especially in pregnant women. This is because gum inflammation that occurs in pregnant women can interfere with fetal health.

Gum problems during pregnancy generally occur due to hormonal changes (estrogen and progesterone), which increase blood flow to the gums, making them swollen, sensitive, and easy to bleed.

A number of studies show that gum inflammation in pregnant women is related to the risk of premature birth as well as babies with low birth weight. When the health of the mother's gums, teeth, and mouth is disturbed, it will be responded to throughout the body.

"It turns out that there are several examinations that prove that the mother who during pregnancy has severe gum disease inflammation, loose teeth, sends signals to the whole body," said Professor of Periodontology from the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Padjajaran, Prof. Dr. Amaliya, drg, M.Sc, Ph.D, in Cipete, Jakarta, on Wednesday, December 17, 2025.

"The signal can be captured by the uterus and trigger premature birth," he added.

Professor Amaliya said that under certain conditions, inflamed gums release inflammation that enters the bloodstream and spreads to various organs of the body. The inflammatory signal can reach the placenta.

The placenta is a vital organ that is the only life line between mother and child. The placenta has the task of delivering oxygen and nutrients so that the fetus can grow optimally in the womb.

"When the inflammatory signal from the gums reaches the placenta, the blood vessels in the placenta can be affected. As a result, the nutrients and blood that should be delivered to the fetus are reduced," he explained.

Thus, it is recommended to maintain dental and gum health before pregnancy until during pregnancy. Early detection, routine care, and awareness of changes in oral conditions are simple but impactful steps.