Prabowo Issues Presidential Decree No.109/2025 On Waste Processing Into Energy

JAKARTA - President Prabowo Subianto issued Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 109 of 2025 concerning the Handling of Urban Waste through Waste Processing into Renewable Energy Based on Environmentally Friendly Technology to overcome piles of waste up to tens of millions of tons per year.

The Presidential Decree, which consists of eight chapters and 33 articles, was signed by President Prabowo on Friday (10/10) last week.

Reported by ANTARA, Wednesday, October 15, Article 2 of Presidential Decree No. 109/2025 explains the purpose of the regulation, among others, to overcome the emergencies of waste that cause pollution and environmental damage, as well as public health problems, then to deal with waste deposits through waste processing into new and renewable energy, and to apply the principle of "confidents that pay" for processing costs from the resulting waste.

In the Presidential Decree, waste processed into energy is not limited to electricity, but can also be in the form of bioenergy, renewable fuel oil (BBM), and other participating products.

Other provisions detailed in the Presidential Regulation include the division of the duties of ministries/agencies in waste processing programs into energy, considering that the program involves a number of k/l, including the Ministry of Environment, the Danantara Investment Organizing Agency (BPI). Apart from that, there are also private business entities and PT PLN (Persero).

Danantara, as regulated in the same Presidential Decree, is assigned to appoint a business entity that manages and operates waste processing facilities into electrical energy (BUPP PSEL), then invests in the waste-to-electric processing project taking into account the commercial, financial and risk management eligibility. Meanwhile, PT PLN is tasked with buying electricity generated by PSEL.

Not only regulating the division of tasks of ministries/agencies and SOEs, Presidential Decree No. 109/2025 also regulates regional criteria that can organize waste processing programs into energy using environmentally friendly technology. These criteria include districts/cities that want to participate in waste processing into energy must have a waste volume of at least 1,000 tons per day to be distributed to waste processors (PSE/PSEL).

In practice, the Presidential Regulation instructs the existence of APBD funds budgeted by local governments to collect garbage, and transport waste from disposal sites to processing sites. Then, the regions are also asked to provide land for waste processing sites, as well as draft regional regulations on cleaning service levies.

The land provided by the area, Presidential Decree No. 109/2025 regulates, is managed by waste processors using a borrow-to-use mechanism, and is free of charge during the construction and operation of waste processing into electrical energy (PSEL).

Dalam Perpresitu, Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota (DKI) Jakarta ditetapkan sebagai daerah yang akan melaksanakan pengolahan sampah menjadi energi listrik.

Apart from that, other regions that want to process their waste into electricity and new and renewable energy will later be determined by the Minister of Environment by considering the criteria regulated in Presidential Decree No. 109/2025.