Hidden Threats Behind Microplastic Exposures That Can Lower Sperm Quality

JAKARTA - Plastic has become a part of everyday life. From drinking bottles, shopping bags, to food containers, almost all of them contain plastic. However, did you know that plastic exposure, especially microplastics, can affect men's reproductive health, to reduce sperm number?

Microplastics are very small plastic particles that can enter the human body through inhaled food, drinks, or air. The problem is, many plastics contain hormone-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).

"If the hormone in the body is wrong or disturbed, many bad things can happen. Hormones are vital for the body's normal function," explained Dr. Shanna Swan, a reproductive epidemiologist from Icahn School of Medicine, quoted from the Moms Clean Air Force page on Saturday, August 30, 2025.

In other words, chemicals in plastic can disrupt the hormone system that regulates male fertility.

Research led by Dr. Swan found the number of male sperm in the world continued to decline. In the last 50 years, sperm number has decreased by more than 50 percent.

"In 2017 we found a significant decline, and in 2022 the latest data showed a faster decline than we had expected, and occurred around the world," said Dr. Swan. Environmental factor, including plastic exposure and pesticides, is strongly suspected to be the main cause.

According to Dr. Swan, sperm is easier to study than egg cells, so data on the impact of chemicals on men is much clearer.

"For men, it is easier to research. Sperms can be analyzed quickly. In contrast to women's eggs, which are more difficult to access," he said.

Other findings also show regional differences. For example, men living in areas with high pesticide use, such as corn and soybean farming land in Missouri, have sperm numbers of only half of men in Minnesota.

The good news is that there are simple steps that can be taken to reduce microplastic exposure to everyday life, including:

- Using a glass drink bottle or stainless steel.

- Avoid storing hot food in plastic containers.

- Limiting the use of single-use plastic bags.

- Choosing a body care product free of harmful chemicals.

"It's not difficult to stop using products that clearly contain hormone disorders. Any small choice can have a big impact on our health." added Dr. Swan.