Anemia When Pregnant Can Disrupt The Development Of The Fetal Brain

JAKARTA - Anemia during pregnancy does not just make mothers tired quickly, but can also have a direct impact on fetal growth and development, especially in the formation and development of the brain.

A lack of iron that causes anemia can inhibit the supply of oxygen and essential nutrients to the fetus, which is actually urgently needed since the first trimester.

Quoting from the Hindustan Times, Dr. Anjali Kumar, Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology at CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, revealed that anemia occurs when the body lacks healthy red blood cells that function to bring oxygen to the body's tissue.

During pregnancy, the need for iron increased sharply because the mother's body had to support fetal growth and adjust to higher blood volume.

When iron needs are not met, pregnant women are at risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. The impact can be very serious, especially for the development of the fetal brain which requires adequate oxygen and iron supplies. Iron is known to play an important role in the process of myrilizing nerves, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitters, all of which support the formation of the baby's central nervous system.

A study published in JAMA Psychiatry in 2019 shows that children born by mothers with anemia at the beginning of pregnancy are more at risk of developing autism spectrum disorders as well as attention and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). This risk will be even greater if anemia occurs in the first trimester or is included in the medium to severe category.

Not only that, other factors such as the mother's diet, overall nutritional status, and access to health services also affect the quality of fetal nerve development. Therefore, Dr. Kumar stressed the importance of early examination to detect anemia during pregnancy.

Routine examination and early treatment through balanced nutrition and iron supplements can help prevent negative effects from anemia. Pregnant women are advised to regularly check hemoglobin levels, eat iron-rich foods, and follow medical advice to support fetal health until delivery arrives.